科学研判建设更高水平开放型经济新体制面临的新形势
An Analysis of the New Circumstances Facing the Development of New Institutions for a Higher-Standard Open Economy
秋平
Qiu Ping
建设更高水平开放型经济新体制，必须准确判断国际形势新变化，主动适应经济全球化新趋势，深刻把握国内改革发展新要求。
To develop new institutions for a higher-standard open economy, we must accurately assess the new changes in the international landscape, adapt to the new trends in economic globalization, and fully grasp the new requirements for domestic reform and development.
具有坚实发展基础。
Solid development foundations
全面深化改革向纵深推进，完善产权保护、市场准入、公平竞争、社会信用等市场经济基础制度，推动重点领域和关键环节改革实现突破，全国统一大市场加快建设，社会主义市场经济体制不断完善。
Deeper reforms have been advanced across the board. Improvements have been made to the institutions underpinning the market economy, such as those for property rights protection, market access, fair competition, and social credit.
Efforts have been made to achieve breakthroughs in reforms in key areas and at crucial links. All these achievements have paved the way for faster progress in developing a unified national market and steady improvements in the socialist market economy.
中国稳居世界第二大经济体、制造业第一大国，2013—2023年对世界经济增长平均贡献率超过30%。
With an average contribution to global growth of over 30% between 2013 and 2023, China has firmly maintained its position as the world's second-largest economy and the largest manufacturer.
高水平对外开放深入推进，外商投资法及实施条例全面实施，外资准入负面清单持续缩减，跨境服务贸易负面清单稳步出台，贸易和投资自由化便利化水平大幅提高，自由贸易试验区、海南自由贸易港等对外开放新高地建设取得重要成效。
Further strides have been made toward high-standard opening up, with the full implementation of the Foreign Investment Law and regulations regarding its implementation, the continued reduction of the negative list for foreign investment, and the smooth introduction of the negative list for cross-border trade in services.
Major steps have also been taken to liberalize and facilitate trade and investment, and important achievements have been secured in developing new platforms for opening up, such as pilot free trade zones and the Hainan Free Trade Port.
共建“一带一路”高质量发展，已有150多个国家、30多个国际组织加入共建“一带一路”大家庭，“六廊六路多国多港”的互联互通架构基本形成，成功建设运营了中欧班列、中老铁路、雅万高铁、匈塞铁路、比雷埃夫斯港等一批标志性项目，国际务实合作取得新进展新成效。
We have promoted high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), with over 150 countries and more than 30 international organizations joining the BRI family.
A connectivity framework featuring six corridors, six route types, and multiple countries and ports has been put in place, and a raft of landmark projects have been built and put into operation, including the China Railway Express (CR Express), the China-Laos Railway, the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway, the Budapest-Belgrade Railway, and the Port of Piraeus to name a few, representing new progress and achievements in China’s pragmatic cooperation with other countries.
中国长期保持货物贸易第一大国、外汇储备第一大国地位，吸引外资和境外投资居世界前列，开放型经济格局加快构建。
China has remained the world's leading trader of goods and largest holder of foreign exchange reserves for many years now; it is also one of the top destinations for foreign direct investment as well as a leading outbound investor. These achievements reflect the rapid development of the country's open economy.
迎来重要战略机遇。
Important strategic opportunities
世界经济格局加速演变，国际力量对比更趋均衡，以中国为代表的新兴市场和发展中经济体国际影响力不断增强，经济总量占全球比重由2000年的21%上升至2023年的41.5%。
The world economic landscape is evolving at a rapid pace, with the international balance of power trending toward equilibrium.
The international influence of emerging markets and developing economies, with China as a representative case, is steadily increasing. Between 2000 and 2023, the economic output of this cohort jumped from 21% to 41.5% of the global total.
新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展，显现出在多个国家、多个领域爆发的特征。
A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is now in full swing, as evidenced by explosive growth in multiple countries and sectors.
中国2023年全社会研发经费投入超过3万亿元，与国内生产总值之比从2012年的1.91%提高到2.65%，全球创新指数排名由第34位上升到第12位，在5G、量子计算、绿色能源等重点领域实现从“跟跑”到“并跑”、“领跑”的转变，为中国参与和引领国际经贸规则、标准制定等提供有利条件。
In China, nationwide R&D investment exceeded 3 trillion yuan in 2023, with the ratio to GDP increasing from 1.91% in 2012 to 2.65% in 2023. China has climbed from 34th to 12th place in the Global Innovation Index in the same period.
Whereas it once lagged behind in key areas such as 5G, quantum computing, and green energy, it is now on par with the frontrunners and is leading the pack in some sectors. This has created favorable conditions for China to participate in and help channel the development of international economic and trade rules and standards.
人类命运共同体理念日益深入人心，从中国倡议扩大为国际共识，国际感召力、塑造力、影响力显著增强，为国际社会注入更多正能量。
The vision of a global community of shared future is being embraced by more and more people every day. As this Chinese-proposed initiative has become a point of international consensus, its power to inspire, shape, and influence has grown significantly, and it has become a source of positive energy for the international community.
面临多方面挑战。
Numerous challenges
全球增长动能不足、全球经济治理滞后、全球发展失衡这三大矛盾尚未得到有效解决，加剧了世界经济风险和不确定性。
The momentum for global growth is insufficient, global economic governance is inadequate, and global development is imbalanced. The failure to resolve these three major issues has heightened the level of risk and uncertainty in the global economy.
经济全球化遭遇逆流，开放创新合作生态遭到一定破坏，国际循环受限受阻。
The backlash against economic globalization has caused a certain degree of damage to the ecosystem for open innovation and cooperation and restricted or choked off international economic flow.
传统安全和非传统安全风险增多，单边主义、保护主义、霸权主义对中国外部环境安全稳定构成威胁。
Conventional and non-conventional security risks are on the rise, while unilateralism, protectionism, and hegemonism threaten the security and stability of China's external environment.
中国应对外部冲击、畅通国内国际循环的难度加大，国内大循环存在难点堵点，资源要素畅通流动仍有制约，高标准市场体系还不健全，供需两端尚未实现高水平动态平衡。
China faces greater challenges in responding to external shocks and promoting smooth domestic and international economic flow. At home, the domestic economy is affected by difficulties and bottlenecks, with constraints still hindering the free flow of resources and production factors.
More must be done to build a high-standard market system, and a high-level dynamic balance between supply and demand has yet to be achieved.
中国参与国际分工和竞争的传统优势有所弱化，不同地区开放型经济发展和对外开放水平差异较大，市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境建设仍需加力。
China's traditional advantages for participating in the international division of labor and competition have weakened somewhat, and there are significant disparities in the levels of both open economic development and opening up among regions.
Greater efforts are needed to build a world-class business environment that is market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized.
制度型开放仍需深化，与国际高标准经贸规则尚有差距，涉外法治建设有待加强，一些重点领域风险还需有效防范化解。
Institutional opening up must be expanded, as gaps remain between domestic practices and international high-standard economic and trade rules. The foreign-related legal system also requires strengthening, and the effective prevention and resolution of risks remains an essential task in certain key areas.
中文编辑：郝遥 尚烨
英文编辑：张娴
审校：衣小伟 李晓琼
监制：李达 李振通